In this report for Transport and Environment, we describe the biofuel policy frameworks and targets of the nine leading global producers and consumers: the USA, Brazil, the EU+UK, Indonesia, China, India, Argentina, Canada, and Thailand. The report links these countries’ biofuel feedstock demand to ecological risks, to the carbon opportunity cost of using extra land […]
Cerulogy worked with ‘Future Cleantech Architects’ to produce a report for the European Parliament’s ITRE committee on the European Commission’s proposal for an LCA methodology for ‘low carbon fuels’ – in the regulatory parlance this category excludes renewable fuels, and primarily consists of blue hydrogen and electrolytic hydrogen produced with [partly] non-renewable energy (and synthetic […]
Clean fuel standards (CFSs) are regulations which reward or penalise transport fuels based on their lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions — in particular, their emissions with respect to a ‘compliance standard’ which tightens each year. A number of CFSs are already in operation around the world. Our paper published in the journal Energy Policy examines a […]
The EU’s ReFuelEU Aviation and the UK’s SAF Mandate place requirements on fuel suppliers to bring alternative aviation fuels to market. In parallel, financial support for alternative fuels comes from the EU’s reimbursement scheme, which subsidises some fraction of the cost difference paid by airlines, and the UK’s guaranteed strike price (GSP), which shields SAF […]
Who is leading the transition to electric vehicles? For the last few years, Cerulogy has supported the International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT) with its annual Global Automaker Rating, an independent assessment of the world’s 20 largest automakers and their progress on zero-emission vehicles (ZEVs). The 2024 edition evaluates manufacturers across a range of indicators, […]
A report for Rainforest Foundation Norway This report examines the climate and environmental risks associated with biofuel policies in Sweden, Finland, and Norway. While these countries are often recognised as climate leaders, their support for certain biofuel feedstocks, including palm derivatives, used cooking oil, and animal fats, raises concerns about indirect land use change, deforestation, […]
Environmental impacts of expanding the supply of maritime biofuels for the International Maritime Organisation targets The UN’s International Maritime Organisation (IMO) is in the process of evaluating proposals for binding targets aimed at decarbonising international shipping. Whatever the ultimate form of this regulation, there will likely be significant implications for the production of biofuels for […]
Renewable diesel in the USA Cerulogy’s 2022 report ‘Animal, Vegetable, or Mineral (Oil)?’ explored how aggressive expansion of renewable diesel1 production in the USA impacts markets for vegetable oils around the world (Malins & Sandford, 2022). This retrospective blog post evaluates how the renewable diesel industry has grown in response to various market pressures since […]
How e-fuels can mitigate biodiversity risk in EU aviation and maritime policy This report, commissioned by Opportunity Green on behalf of the Skies and Seas Hydrogen-fuels Accelerator Coalition (SASHA), explores the biodiversity risks associated with the EU’s efforts to decarbonise aviation and maritime transport. The ReFuelEU Aviation and FuelEU Maritime regulations aim to engender a […]
A period of food price inflation starting in 2020, exacerbated by the invasion of Ukraine, brought the ‘food versus fuel’ issue back into the political spotlight in recent years. This review paper for Oxfam discusses the evidence relating to the impact of biofuel mandates on food prices, updating our previous review on the subject, which […]
Diverted harvest: Environmental Risk from Growth in International Biofuel DemandOctober 9, 2025
Methodology for assessing greenhouse gas emissions savings from low-carbon fuelsSeptember 12, 2025
A federal clean fuel standard (CFS) for the USASeptember 5, 2025
Staying Aloft: Support Mechanisms for ‘Sustainable Aviation Fuels’ in the United Kingdom and European UnionJuly 24, 2025